കൊക്കോ കൃഷി അറിഞ്ഞിരിക്കേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങൾ

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സാധാരണനിലയിൽ കൊക്കോെത്തെകൾ 3–5 വർഷം പ്രായമായാൽ പൂവിട്ടുതുടങ്ങും. കായ്കൾ രൂപപ്പെടാൻ 170 ദിവസം വേണ്ടിവരുന്നു. പൂക്കളിൽ പരാഗണം നടന്ന് 70–140 ദിവസംകൊണ്ട് കായ്കളുടെ വലുപ്പവും അതിലടങ്ങിയിട്ടുള്ള കൊഴുപ്പ്, പഞ്ചസാര എന്നിവയുടെ അളവും കൂടുന്നതായി കാണാം. ഇനി മൂപ്പെത്തി ആദ്യ വിളവെടുക്കാൻ 25 ദിവസം വേണ്ടിവരും. തുടര്‍ വിളവെടുപ്പ് 7–10 ദിവസം ഇടവിട്ടു നടത്താം. മൂപ്പ് വളരെക്കൂടിയാൽ പിന്നെ ഉപയോഗയോഗ്യമല്ല. തോട്ടത്തിൽതന്നെ കുഴികളെടുത്ത് അതിൽ ഇത്തരം കായ്കള്‍ നിക്ഷേപിച്ചു കമ്പോസ്റ്റാക്കി ജൈവവളമാക്കി ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്താം.

ശാസ്ത്രീയ പരിചരണം കൃത്യമായി നടത്തുകയും ഗുണമേന്മയേറിയ നല്ല തൈകൾ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത് നടുകയും മതിയായ അളവിൽ നനവ് തോട്ടത്തിൽ നിലനിർത്തുകയും മണ്ണുപരിശോധനയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ വളങ്ങൾ ചേർക്കുകയും ചെയ്താൽ ഇപ്പോഴത്തെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾക്കു പരിഹാരമാകും.
കളിമണ്ണാണ് കൊക്കോച്ചെടികൾക്കു മികച്ചതെന്നു കണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നത്. വലിയ കാറ്റടിക്കാൻ സാധ്യതയില്ലാത്തതും ഭാഗികമായി തണൽ ലഭിക്കുന്നതുമായ സ്ഥലം കൃഷിക്ക് അനുകൂല സാഹചര്യമാണ്. കൊക്കോയുടെ തനിവിളക്കൃഷിക്കു കേരളത്തിൽ സാധ്യത കുറവാണ്. എട്ടു മീറ്റർ അകലത്തിൽ തെങ്ങുകൾ നട്ടിട്ടുള്ളയിടങ്ങളിൽ രണ്ടു നിരകൾക്കിടയിൽ മൂന്നു മീറ്റർ അകലത്തിലും മൂന്നു മീറ്റർ അകലത്തിൽ കമുകുകൾ നട്ടിരിക്കുന്നതെങ്കിൽ നാലു കമുകുകൾക്കു മധ്യത്തിൽ ഒന്ന് എന്ന തോതിലും കൊക്കോ നടാം.കൊക്കോച്ചെടി ഒന്നര മീറ്റർ ഉയരം വച്ചാല്‍ വശങ്ങളിലേക്കു ഫാൻ ശാഖകളും മുകളിലേക്കു ചുപ്പോൺ ശാഖകളും വളരുന്നു. ചുപ്പോ‍ൺ ശാഖകൾ കോതിമാറ്റണം. വശങ്ങളിലേക്കു വളരുന്ന ശാഖകളിലാണു കായ്കൾ ഉണ്ടാകുക. ഇതിന്റെ വളർച്ചയും കമ്പുകൾ കോതി ക്രമീകരിച്ചു നിർത്തണം.സമ്പൂർണ സമീകൃത വളപ്രയോഗമാണ് ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട മറ്റൊരു കാര്യം. വളം ചേർക്കലിനു പൊതുശുപാർശ: ജൈവവളത്തിനായി പയർവർഗ വിളകൾ കൃഷി ചെയ്യണം. വളർന്നു വലുതായ ചെടികളിൽ വിത്തുകൾ രൂപം കൊള്ളുമ്പോഴേ ഉഴുത് മണ്ണിൽ ചേർക്കുക.കൊക്കോയുടെ വേരുകൾ കൂടുതലായും മേൽമണ്ണിലായതിനാൽ കാലിവളം, കമ്പോസ്റ്റ്, അറക്കപ്പൊടി എന്നിവ മേൽമണ്ണിൽ ചേർത്തുകൊടുക്കുന്നത് നന്ന്. കൊക്കോ തൈകൾ നടുന്നത് മഴക്കാലാരംഭത്തോടെയാകണംനേരിയ അളവിൽ രാസവളങ്ങളും ചേർക്കാൻ ശുപാർശയുണ്ട്. ആകെ വേണ്ടത്: യൂറിയ 200 ഗ്രാം, രാജ്ഫോസ് ഒരു കിലോ, പൊട്ടാഷ് വളം 250 ഗ്രാം, രണ്ടു സമഭാഗങ്ങളായി ഏപ്രിൽ – മേയ്, സെപ്റ്റംബർ– ഒക്ടോബറിൽ ചേർക്കുക. ഇവയെല്ലാം കൃത്യമായി നടത്താനായാൽ പൂവ് കൊഴിച്ചിലിനു പ്രതിവിധിയായി

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